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A
Accessory: A
building product which supplements a basic solid panel building such as a door,
window, light transmitting panel, roof vent, etc.
Agricultural
Building:
A structure designed and constructed
to house farm implements, hay, grain, poultry, livestock or other agricultural
products. Such structures should not include: spaces meant for habitation or to
be occupied, spaces in which agricultural products are processed, treated, or
the possibility of being as a place of occupancy by the general
public.
Aluminum
Coated Steel: Steel coated with aluminum for
corrosion resistance.
Anchor
Bolts: Bolts used to anchor members to a
foundation or other support.
Anchor
Bolt Plan: A plan view drawing showing the
diameter, location and projection of all anchor bolts for the components of the
Metal Building System and may show column reactions (magnitude and direction).
The maximum base plate dimensions may also be
shown.
Approval
Drawings: A set of drawings that may include
framing plans, elevations and sections through the building for approval of the
dealer.
ASD:
Allowable Stress
Design.
Assembly: A
group of mutually dependent and compatible components or subassemblies of
components.
Astragal: a
closure between the two leaves of a double swing or double slide
door.
Automatic
Crane: A crane which when activated operates
through a preset series of cycles.
Auxiliary
Crane Girder: A girder arranged parallel to the
main girder for supporting the platform, motor base, operator's cab, control
panels, etc., to reduce the torsional forces that such a load would otherwise
impose on the main crane girder.
Axial
Force: A force tending to elongate or
shorten a member
Bar
Joist: A name commonly used for Open Web
Steel Joists
Base
Angle: An angle secured to a wall or
foundation used to attach the bottom of the wall
paneling.
Base
Plate: A plate attached to the bottom of a
column, which rests on a foundation or other support, usually secured by anchor
bolts.
Base
Tube: See Cast in Place
Base
Bay:
The space between the main frames
measured normal to the frame
Beam: A
member, usually horizontal, that is subjected to bending loads. Three types are
simple, continuous, and cantilever.
Beam
and Column: A Structural system consisting of a
series of rafter beams supported by columns. Often used as the end fame of a
building.
Bearing
End Frame: See Beam and
Column
Bearing
Plate: A steel plate that is set on the top
of a masonry support on which a beam or purlin can
rest
Bent: See
Main Frame.
Bill
of Materials: A list that enumerates by part
number or description each piece of material or assembly to be shipped. Also
called tally sheet or shipping list.
Bird
Screen: Wire mesh used to prevent birds from
entering the building through ventilators and
louvers.
Blind
Rivet: A small headed pin with expandable
shank for joining light gauge metal. Typically it is used to attach flashing,
gutters, etc.
Box
Girder: Girders, trucks or other members of
rectangular cross section enclosed on four sides.
Bracing: Rods,
angles or cables used in the plane of the roof and walls to transfer loads, such
as wind, seismic and crane thrusts to the
foundation
Bracket: A
structural support projecting from a structural member. Examples are canopy
brackets, lean-to brackets, and crane runway
brackets,
Bridge
(Crane): That part of an overhead crane
consisting of girders, trucks, end ties, walkway and drive mechanism that
carries the trolley and travels in a direction parallel to the
runway
Bridge
Crane: A load lifting system consisting of
a hoist, which moves laterally on a beam, girder or bridge which in turn moves
longitudinally on a runway made of beams and rails
Bridging:
Bracing or systems of bracing used between structural
members
British
Thermal Unit (BTU): The amount of heat required to raise
the temperature of one pound of water by 1 degree
Fahrenheit.
Building: A
structure forming an open, partially enclosed, or enclosed space constructed by
a planned process of combining materials, components, and subsystems to meet
specific conditions of use.
Building
Aisle: A space defined by the length of the
building and the space between building columns.
Building
Code: Regulations established by a
recognized agency describing design loads, procedures and construction details
for structures usually applying to a designated political jurisdiction (city,
county, state, etc.).
Built-Up
Roofing: A roof covering made up of
alternating layers of tar and materials made of
asphalt.
Built-Up
Section: A structural member, usually an "I"
shaped section, made from individual flat plates welded
together.
Bumper:
An energy-absorbing device for
reducing impact when a moving crane or trolley reaches the end of its permitted
travel, or when two moving cranes or trolleys come into
contact.
Butt
Plate: The end plate of a structural member
usually used to rest against a like plate of another member in forming a
connection. Sometimes called a splice plate or bolted end
plate.
Bypass
Girt: A wall framing system where the
girts are mounted on the outside of the columns.
"C"
Section: A member in the shape of a block "C"
formed from steel sheet, that may be used either singularly or back to
back.
Cab-Operated
Crane: A crane controlled by an operator in
a cab supported on the bridge or trolley.
Camber:
Curvature of a flexural member in the plane of its web before
loading.
Canopy:
A projecting roof system that is
supported and restrained at one end only.
Cantilever
Beam: A beam supported only at one end with
the other end free to move.
Capillary
Action: That action which causes movement of
liquids when in contact with two adjacent surfaces such as panel
sidelaps.
Cap
Plate: A plate located at the top of a
column or end of a beam for capping the exposed end of the
member.
Capacity
(Crane): The maximum load (usually stated in
tons) that a crane is designed to support.
Cast
In Place Base: A continuous member imbedded in the
edge of the foundation to which the wall panels are
attached.
Caulk: To
seal and make weather-tight joints, seams, or voids by filling with a
waterproofing compound or material.
Chalking: When
the paint finish on panels has a white powder film due to over
exposure.
Channel,
Hot Rolled: A member formed while in a
semi-molten state at the steel mill to shape having standard dimensions and
properties.
Cladding: The
exterior metal roof and wall paneling of a Metal Building System. See also
Covering.
Clip: A
plate or angle used to fasten two or more members
together.
Closure
Strip: A strip, formed to the contour of
ribbed panels and used to close openings created by ribbed panels joining other
components, either made of resilient material or
metal.
CMU:
Concrete Masonry Unit. Generally, used to construct masonry
walls
Cold
Forming: The process of using press brakes or
rolling mills to shape steel into desired cross sections at room
temperature.
Collateral
Loads: The weight of additional permanent
materials required by the contract, other than the Building System, such as
sprinklers, mechanical and electrical systems, partitions and
ceilings.
Column: A
main member used in a vertical position on a building to transfer loads from
main roof beams, trusses, or rafters to the
foundations.
Component:
A part used in a Metal Building
System. See also Components and Cladding.
Components
and Cladding: Members which include girts, joists,
purlins, studs, wall and roof panels, fasteners, end wall columns and endwall
rafters of bearing end frames, roof overhang beams, canopy beams, and masonry
walls that do not act as shear walls.
Concealed
Clip: A hold down clip used with a wall or
roof panel system to connect the panel to the supporting structure without
exposing the fasteners on the exterior surface.
Connection: The
means of attachment of one structural member to
another.
Continuity: The
terminology given to a structural system denoting the transfer of loads and
stresses from member to member allowing the members to act as a single
unit.
Continuous
Beam: A beam having three or more
supports.
Covering: The
exterior metal roof and wall paneling of a Metal Building
System.
Crane:
A machine designed to move material
by means of a hoist.
Crane
Aisle: That portion of a building aisle in
which a crane operates, defined by the crane span and the uninterrupted length
of crane runway.
Crane
Girder: The principal horizontal beams of
the crane bridge that supports the trolley and is supported by the end
tracks.
Crane
Rail: A track supporting and guiding the
wheels of a top-running bridge crane or trolley
system.
Crane
Runway Beam: The member that supports a crane
rail and is supported by columns or rafters depending on the type of crane
system. On underhung bridge cranes, the runway beam also acts as the crane
rail.
Crane
Span: The horizontal distance
center-to-center of runway beams.
Crane
Stop: A device to limit travel of a
trolley or crane bridge. This device normally is attached to a fixed structure
and normally does not have energy-absorbing
ability.
Crane
Support Column: A separate column that supports the
runway beam of a top-running crane.
Curb: A
raised edge on a concrete floor slab or in the roof for
accessories.
Curtain
Wall: Perimeter wall panels that carry
only their own weight and wind load.
Damper: A
baffle used to open or close the throat of ventilators. They can be operated
manually or by motors.
Dead
Loads: The dead load of a building is the
weight of all permanent construction, such as floor, roof, framing, and covering
members.
Design
Professional: Any Architect or
Engineer.
Diagonal
Bracing: See
Bracing.
Diaphragm
Action: The resistance to racking generally
offered by the covering system, fasteners, and secondary framing. Distortion of
the overall roof, floor, or wall shape.
Door
Guide: An angle or channel used to stabilize
or keep plumb a sliding or rolling door during its
operation.
Downspout:
A conduit used to carry water from
the gutter of a building.
Drift
(Sidesway): Horizontal displacement at the top of
a vertical element due to lateral loads. Drift should not be confused with
Deflection.
Drift
(Snow): The snow accumulation at a height
discontinuity.
Drift
Pin: A tapered pin used during erection
to align holes in steel members to be connected by
bolting.
Eave: The
line along the sidewall formed by the intersection of the planes of the roof and
wall.
Eave
Canopy: A projecting roof system on the
sidewall whose overhanging edge is supported at the
building.
Eave
Gutter: See
Gutter.
Eave
Height: The vertical dimension from finished
floor to the top of the eave strut.
Eave
Strut: A structural member located at the
eave of a building that supports roof and wall
paneling.
Edge
Strip: The surface area of a building at
the edges of the roof and corners of the walls where the wind loads on
components and cladding are greater than at other areas of the
building.
Effective
Wind Area: The area used to determine the wind
coefficient. The effective wind area may be greater than or equal to the
tributary area.
Elastic
Design: A design concept utilizing the a
property of materials allowing for non-permanent shape distortion under a
specified range of loading.
Electric
Operated Crane: A crane in which the bridge, hoist or
trolley is operated by electric power.
Electric
Overhead Traveling Crane: An electrically-operated machine for
lifting, lowering and transporting loads, consisting of a movable bridge
carrying a fixed or movable hoisting mechanism and traveling on an overhead
runway structure.
End
Approach: The minimum horizontal distance,
parallel to the runway, between the outer-most extremities of the crane and the
centerline of the hook.
End
Bay:
The bays adjacent to the endwalls of
a building. Usually the distance from the endwall to the first interior main
frame measured normal to the endwall.
End
Frame: A frame located at the endwall of a
building that supports the loads from a portion of the end
bay.
End
Post: See Endwall
Column.
End
Stop: A device attached to a crane runway
or rail to provide a safety stop at the end of a
runway.
End
Truck: The unit consisting of truck frame,
wheels, bearings, axles, etc., which supports the bridge
girders.
Endwall:
An exterior wall that is parallel to
the interior main frames of the building.
Endwall
Column: A vertical member located at the
endwall of a building that supports the girts. In post and beam endwall frames,
endwall columns also support the rafter.
Endwall
Overhang: See Purlin
Extension.
End
Zone: The surface area of a building along
the roof at the endwall and at the corners of walls. (see Edge
Strip)
Engineer/Architect
of Record: The engineer or architect who is
responsible for the overall design of the building project. The manufacturer's
engineer is not the Engineer of Record.
Erection
Bracing: Materials used by erectors to
stabilize the building system during erection, also typically referred to as
temporary bracing.
Erection
Drawings: Roof and wall erection (framing)
drawings that identify individual components and accessories furnished by the
manufacturer in sufficient detail to permit proper Erection of the Metal
Building System.
Erector: A
party who assembles or erects a Metal Building
System.
Expansion
Joint: A break or space in construction to
allow for thermal expansion and contraction of the materials used in the
structure.
Exterior
Framed: A wall framing system where the
girts are mounted on the outside of the columns.
Fabrication: The
manufacturing process performed in a plant to convert raw material into finished
Metal Building System components. The main operations are cold forming, cutting,
punching, welding, cleaning and painting.
Facade: An
architectural treatment, partially covering a wall, usually concealing the eave
and/or the rake of the building.
Fading:
Refers to the paint finish on panels becoming less vibrant of
color.
Fascia: A
decorative trim or panel projecting from the face of a
wall.
Field:
The job site, building site, or
general marketing area.
Filler
Strip: See Closure
Strip.
Film
Laminated Coil: Coil metal that has a corrosion
resistant film laminated to it prior to the forming
operation.
Fixed
Clip: A standing seam roof system hold
down clip that does not allow the roof panel to move independently of the roof
substructure.
Fixed
Base: A column base that is designed to
resist rotation as well as horizontal or vertical
movement.
Flange: The
projecting edge of a structural member ( e.g. the top and bottom horizontal
projections of an I beam).
Flange
Brace: A member used to provide lateral
support to the flange of a structural member.
Flashing: The
metal used to "trim" or cover the juncture of two planes of
material.
Floating
Clip: A standing seam roof system hold
down clip that allows the roof panel to horizontally move independently of the
roof substructure. Also known as a "Sliding Clip" or "Slip
Clip".
Floor
Live Load: Those loads induced on the floor
system by the use and occupancy of the building.
Flush
Girts: A wall framing system where the
outside flange of the girts and the columns are
flush.
Footing:
A pad or mat, usually of concrete,
located under a column, wall or other structural member, that is used to
distribute the loads from that member into the supporting
soil.
Foundation: The
substructure, which supports a building or other
structure.
Framed
Opening: Framing members and flashing which
surround an opening.
Framing
Plans: See Erection
Drawings.
Gable: The
triangular portion of the endwall from the level of the eave to the ridge of the
roof.
Gable
Overhang: See Purlin
Extension.
Gable
Roof: A roof consisting of two sloping roof
planes that form a ridge and form a gable at each
end.
Galvanized:
Steel coated with zinc for corrosion
resistance.
Gantry
Crane: A crane similar to an overhead crane
except that the bridge for carrying the trolley or trolleys is rigidly supported
on one or more legs running on fixed rails or other
run-way.
Girder:
A main horizontal or near horizontal
structural member that supports vertical loads. It may consist of several
pieces.
Girt:
A horizontal structural member that
is attached to sidewall or endwall columns and supports
paneling.
Glaze:
The process of installing glass in
windows and doors.
Glazing: Glass
panes or paneling used in windows and doors.
Grade: The
term used when referring to the ground elevation around a
building.
Grade
Beam: A concrete beam around the perimeter
of a building.
Ground
Snow Load: The probable weight of snow on the
ground for a specified recurrence interval exclusive of drifts or sliding
snow.
Grout: A
mixture of cement, sand and water used to fill cracks and cavities. Sometimes
used under base plates or leveling plates to obtain uniform bearing
surfaces.
Gusset
Plate: A steel plate used to reinforce or
connect structural elements.
Gutter: A
light gauge metal member at an eave, valley or parapet designed to carry water
from the roof to downspouts or drains.
"H"
Section: A steel member with a cross section
in the shape of an "H".
Hair
Pin: "V" shaped reinforcing steel used to
transfer anchor bolt shear to the concrete floor
mass.
Hand-Geared
(Crane): A crane in which the bridge, hoist,
or trolley is operated by the manual use of chain and gear without electric
power.
Haunch: The
deepened portion of a column or rafter designed to accommodate the higher
bending moments at such points. (Usually occurs at the intersection of the
column and the rafter.)
Header: The
horizontal framing member located at the top of a framed
opening.
High
Strength Bolts: Any bolt made from steel having a
tensile strength in excess of 100,000 pounds per square
inch.
High
Strength Steel: Structural steel having a yield
stress in excess of 36,000 pounds per square inch.
Hinged
Base: See Pinned
Base.
Hip: The
line formed at the intersection of two adjacent sloping planes of a
roof.
Hip
Roof: A roof that is formed by sloping
planes from all four sides.
Hoist:
A mechanical lifting device usually
attached to a trolley that travels along a bridge, monorail, or jib crane. May
be chain or electric operated.
Horizontal
Guide Rollers: Wheels mounted near the ends of end
trucks, which roll on the side of the rail to restrict lateral movement of the
crane.
Hot-Rolled
Shapes: Steel sections (angles, channels,
"S" shapes, "W" shapes, etc.) which are formed by rolling mills while the steel
is in a semi-molten state.
"I"-Beam: See S
shape.
Ice
Dam: A buildup of ice which forms a dam
at the eave, contributing to an excessive build-up of snow on the
roof.
Impact
Load: A dynamic load resulting from the
motion of machinery, elevators, craneways, vehicles, and other similar moving
forces.
Impact
Wrench: A power tool used to tighten nuts or
bolts.
Importance
Factor: A factor that accounts for the
degree of hazard to human life and damage to
property.
Installation: The
on-site assembling of fabricated Metal Building System components to form a
completed structure.
Insulation: Any
material used in building construction to reduce heat
transfer.
Internal
Pressure: Pressure inside a
building.
Jack
Beam: A beam used to support another beam,
rafter or truss and eliminate a column support.
Jack
Truss: A truss used to support another
beam, rafter, or truss and eliminate a column
support.
Jamb: The
vertical framing members located at the sides of an
opening.
Jib
Crane: A cantilevered or suspended beam
with hoist and trolley. This lifting device may pick up loads in all or part of
a circle around the column to which it is attached.
Jig: A
device used to hold pieces of material in a certain position during
fabrication.
Joist:
A light beam for supporting a floor
or roof.
Kick-Out
(Elbow) (Turn-Out): An extension attached to the bottom
of a downspout to direct water away from a wall.
Kip: A
unit of measure equal to 1,000 pounds.
Knee:
The connecting area of a column and
rafter of a structural frame such as a rigid frame.
Knee
Brace: A diagonal member at a column and
rafter intersection designed to resist horizontal
loads.
Lean-to: A
structure having only one slope and depending upon another structure for partial
support.
Length: The
dimension of the building measured perpendicular to the main framing from
outside to outside of endwall girts.
Leveling
Plate: A steel plate used on top of a
foundation or other support on which a structural column can
rest.
Lift
(Crane): Maximum safe vertical distance
through which the hook, magnet, or bucket can move.
Lifting
Devices (Crane): Buckets, magnets, grabs and other
supplemental devices, the weight of which is to be considered part of the rated
load, used for ease in handling certain types of
loads.
Light
Transmitting Panel: Panel used to admit
light.
Liner
Panel: A metal panel attached to the inside
flange of the girts or inside of a wall panel.
Live
Load: Loads that are produced (1) during
maintenance by workers, equipment, and materials, and (2) during the life of the
structure by movable objects and do not include wind, snow, seismic, or dead
loads. Also see Roof or Floor Live Load.
Load
Indicating Washers: A washer with dimples, which flatten
when the high strength bolt is tightened. The bolt tension can then be
determined by the use of feeler gauges to determine the gap between the washer
and the bolt head.
Longitudinal: The
direction parallel to the ridge or sidewall.
Longitudinal
(Crane): Direction parallel to the crane
runway beams.
Louver: An
opening provided with fixed or movable slanted fins to allow flow of
air.
Low
Rise Building: A
description of a class of buildings usually less than 60' eave height. Commonly,
they are single story, but do not exceed 4 stories.
LRFD:
Load and Resistance Factor
Design.
Main
Frame: An assemblage of rafters and columns
that support the secondary framing members and transfer loads directly to the
foundation.
Main
Wind Force Resisting System: A structural
assembly that provides for the overall stability of the building and receives
wind loads from more than one surface. Examples include shear walls, diaphragms,
rigid frames, and space structures.
Manufacturer:
A party who designs and fabricates a
Metal Building System.
Manufacturer's
Engineer: An engineer employed by a
manufacturer who is in responsible charge of the structural design of a Metal
Building System fabricated by the manufacturer. The manufacturer's engineer is
not the Engineer of Record.
Masonry:
Anything constructed of materials such as bricks, concrete blocks, ceramic
blocks, and concrete.
Mastic: See
Sealant.
Mean
Roof Height: Average height of roof above
ground.
Metal
Building System: A complete integrated set of mutually
dependent components and assemblies that form a building including primary and
secondary framing, covering and accessories, and are manufactured to permit
inspection on site prior to assembly or erection.
Mezzanine:
An intermediate level between floor
and ceiling occupying a partial area of the floor
space.
Mill
Duty Crane: Cranes with service classification E
and F as defined by CMAA.
Moment: The
tendency of a force to cause rotation about a point or
axis.
Moment
Connection: A connection designed to transfer
moment as well as axial and shear forces between connecting
members.
Moment
of Inertia: A physical property of a member,
which helps define strength and deflection
characteristics.
Monolithic
Construction: A method of placing concrete grade
beam and floor slab together to form the building foundation without forming and
placing each separately.
Monolithic
Pour: The placing of concrete in a
monolithic construction.
Monorail
Crane: A crane that travels on a single
runway beam, usually an "S" or "W" beam.
Multi-Gable
Building:
Buildings consisting of more than one gable across the width of the
building.
Multi-Span
Building:
Buildings consisting of more than one span across the width of the building.
Multiple gable buildings and single gable buildings with interior columns are
examples.
Multiple
Girder Crane: A crane, which has two or more
girders for supporting the lifted load.
Oil
Canning: A waviness that may occur in flat
areas of light gauge formed metal products. Structural integrity is not normally
affected by this inherent characteristic; therefore oil canning is only an
aesthetic issue. Oil canning is not a cause for rejection of the
material.
Open
Web Steel Joists: Lightweight
truss.
Order
Documents: The documents normally required by
the Manufacturer in the ordinary course of entering and processing an
order.
Outrigger:
See Auxiliary Crane
Girder.
Overhanging
Beam: A simply supported beam that extends
beyond its support.
Overhead
Doors: See Sectional Overhead
Doors.
Panels: See
Cladding.
Panel
Notch: A notch or block out formed along
the outside edge of the floor slab to provide support for the wall panels and
serve as a closure along their bottom edge.
Pan
Panel: A standing seam panel, which has
vertical sides and has no space between the panels at the side
laps.
Parapet: That
portion of the vertical wall of a building that extends above the
roofline.
Parts
and Portions: See Components and
Cladding.
Peak: The
uppermost point of a gable.
Peak
Sign: A sign attached to the peak of the
building at the endwall showing the building
manufacturer.
Pendant-Operated
Crane: Crane operated from a pendant
control unit suspended from the crane.
Personnel
Doors: doors used by personnel for access
and exit from a building.
Pick
Point: The belted part of panel bundles
where the bundle is to be lifted.
Piece
Mark: A number given to each separate part
of the building for erection identification. Also called mark number and part
number.
Pier: A
concrete structure designed to transfer vertical load from the base of a column
to the footing.
Pig
Spout: A sheet metal section designed to
direct the flow of water out through the face of the gutter rather than through
a downspout.
Pilaster: A
reinforced or enlarged portion of a masonry wall to provide support for roof
loads or lateral loads on the wall.
Pinned
Base: A column base that is designed to
resist horizontal and vertical movement, but not
rotation.
Pin
Connection: A connection designed to transfer
axial and shear forces between connecting members, but not
moments.
Pitch: See
Roof Slope.
Plastic
Design: A design concept based on
multiplying the actual loads by a suitable load factor, and using the yield
stress as the maximum stress in any member, and taking into consideration moment
redistribution.
Plastic
Panels: See Light Transmitting
Panels.
Ponding:
1) The gathering of water at low or
irregular areas on a roof.
2) Progressive
accumulation of water from deflection due to rain
loads.
Pop
Rivet: See Blind
Rivet.
Porosity:
The measurement of openings in
buildings, which allow air to enter during a
windstorm.
Portal
Frame: A rigid frame so designed that it
offers rigidity and stability in its plane. It is generally used to resist
longitudinal loads where other bracing methods are not
permitted.
Post:
See
Column.
Post
and Beam: A structural system consisting of a
series of rafter beams supported by columns. Often used as the end frame of a
building.
Post-tensioning:
A method of pre-stressing reinforced
concrete in which tendons are tensioned after the concrete has reached a
specific strength.
Power
Actuated Fastener: A device for fastening items by the
utilization of a patented device that uses an explosive charge or compressed air
to embed the pin in concrete or steel.
Pre-tensioning:
A method of pre-stressing reinforced
concrete in which the tendons are tensioned before the concrete has been
placed.
Pre-Painted
Coil: Coil of metal, which has received a
paint coating.
Press
Brake: A machine used in cold-forming metal
sheets or strips into desired sections.
Pre-stressed
Concrete: Concrete in which internal stresses
of such magnitude and distribution are introduced that the tensile stresses
resulting from the service loads are | 
